The Jewalenko pirated New York edition (in 1967 Politizdat put out a monograph “Kniga ...” which contains a description of a copy of the New York reprint obtained by a one time member of the “Foundation of the Free Russian Press” in New York, from Jewalenko [Evalenko], and is now in the Library of the Institute of Marxism-Leninism in Russia. One of the differences between the New York pirated editon and the original Poliakov edition is in line three from the bottom on the page of Contents.

Karl Marx (1818 - 1883) wrote and saw published during his lifetime only this the first volume of his magnum opus. After his death Friedrich Engels edited his notes and manuscript, and volume II published by Engel in 1885 discusses the process of circulating capital. Volume III (1895) talks about the process of capitalist production as a whole. The fourth volume Marx had envisioned, only exists as a book edited from his notes by Karl Kautsky, titled Theories of Surplus Value.
Marx himself describes Das Kapital as a continuation of his earlier work Zur Kritik der Politischen Oekonomie (Criticism of the Political Economy) (1859) in modest terms. However, it was in fact the summation of his quarter of a century’s economic studies, mostly in the Reading Room of the British Museum. The Athaeneum reviewer of the first English translation (1887) wrote later “...Karl Marx’s work is principally a polemic against capitalists and the capitalist mode of production, and it is this polemical tone which is its chief charm”, the Historical-polemical passages, with their formidable documentation from British official sources, have remained memorable; and, as Marx wrote to Engels while the volume was still in the press, "I hope the bourgeoisie will remember my carbuncles all the rest of their lives.” Carbuncles, financial embarrassment and political preoccupations of many kinds hampered Marx's work on Das Kapital, which he would never have completed but for the material and moral support of Engels.
By an odd quirk of history the first foreign translation of Das Kapital to appear was the Russian, early in April 1872. The censor, Skuratov wrote when giving his impromatur, “few people in Russia will read it, and still fewer will understand it”. He was wrong, the edition of three thousand sold out quickly, and in 1880 Marx was writing to his friend F. A. Sorge that “our success is still greater in Russia, where Kapital is read and appreciated more than anywhere else”. The first French translation [of 1872-75] was substantially revised by Marx himself; and these revisions were taken into account when at length the first English translation, by Samuel Moore and Edward Aveling, appeared in London, in 1887, four years after Marx's death, under the editorship of Engels. Aveling was the husband of Marx's youngest daughter, Eleanor, and Moore an old friend.

[Printing and the Mind of Man 359]

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